Who regulates ETFs?

ETF regulation depends on the country. In the U.S., the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the primary regulator for ETFs as investment products. Broker-dealers and certain market practices are overseen by FINRA, and exchanges have their own listing and trading rules.

The ETF structure also involves key market participants like authorized participants and market makers, which interact with regulations around disclosure, trading, and market integrity.

If you're investing outside the U.S., the regulator and rulebook changes (for example, UCITS rules in Europe). Always check the ETF's domicile and regulatory framework if you're comparing products across regions.