Are ETFs closed-end funds?

Generally, no. Most ETFs are open-end funds (or UITs), while closed-end funds (CEFs) are a different structure.

A key distinction: closed-end funds typically do not redeem shares on demand. They usually issue a fixed number of shares (or limited new shares) and then those shares trade on an exchange. Because supply and demand set the price, CEFs often trade at premiums or discounts to NAV.

ETFs, by contrast, have a creation/redemption mechanism (involving authorized participants) that tends to help keep the ETF price closer to NAV than a closed-end fund’s price might be.

Both trade on exchanges intraday, which is part of why people mix them up. But structurally and in how price relates to NAV, they’re different animals.